Reading the Bible As Intended
I have a pet peeve amongst Christians (well, one among a few). I get frusturated when Christians attempt to read the Bible for something that it was not intended to be used for. Among the guilty parties are Nouthetic counselors and Answers in Genesis. To give an example of what I’m talking about, let’s visit a few of these. We’ll conclude with how I think the Bible should be read as decreed by God.
Nouthetic Counseling Theory
Nouthetic counseling is the belief that the Bible is the only item that should be used in counseling. They outright reject any secular psychology as “substitute[s] the ‘discoveries’ of rebellious human thought for the truths revealed in Scripture.” They also state:
“The counselor must build his counseling system, including its presuppositions, principles and methodologies solely from scripture. His counseling must demonstrate that Scriptural truth, ministered in the power of the Holy Spirit, is sufficient to enable counselees to love God and their neighbors.”
In adopting this methodology, depression and other psychiatric diseases and symptoms are often reduced to sin. This group attempts to read the Bible as a map for psychology when that’s not what it was intended for.
Answers in Genesis
Answers in Genesis is the more sensational of the two. The very title of the organization gives us a clue into how this organization builds its scientific methodology. They state the following in their statement of faith regarding the use of the Genesis narrative in scientific research.
“The account of origins presented in Genesis is a simple but factual presentation of actual events and therefore provides a reliable framework for scientific research into the question of the origin and history of life, mankind, the Earth and the universe.”
I’ve heard Ken Ham say in debates, with other Christians mind you who differ on the age of the earth, that he just “believes the Bible.” Well, one of the people he was debating was Walter Kaiser, and I think it’s safe to say that he would “believe the Bible.” Anyone who deviates from understand a scientific epistemology outside of the Genesis narrative is seen as “anti-Biblical.” So much time is spent by this organization attempting to read the Bible as a scientific textbook when that’s not what it was intended for.
What Then Was It Intended For?
The Bible is an ancient document outlining a Christian mythology. Now before you go away, remember that “mythology” doesn’t mean “myth” as in false. The other meaning of mythology is a system that accounts for our origins and answers existential questions. All religions have a different mythology, and as Christians we look to the Bible as God’s revealed truth about creation, man, redemption, and Himself.
With the debate of how Genesis 1–2 should be read we must keep in mind that we can’t try and look for something that’s not there. The narrative is meant to display a few things notably God’s power in creation, the creation of man in His image, the relationship once had (and to be restored) with man and God, and the subsequent fall which led to outworking of the eternal plan of redemption.
God and science are not mutually exclusive entities. If something scientifically does contradict then we should stand up and search for truth, but we need not dispel all scientific findings, reasoning, and use of these tools in order to understand our God and our world. The same is said for Nouthetic counselors, because they outright dismiss any secular findings in psychology in order to preserve their presupposition that it is out to “displace” the truths in Scripture. John Frame gives us a good quote on what truth is in and outside of the Scriptures.
“Sola Scriptura, after all, does not require the exclusion of all extrabiblical data, even from theology. It simply requires that in theology and in all other disciplines, the highest authority, the supreme standard, be Scripture and Scripture alone.“
John Frame, Apologetics to the Glory of God (pg. 18)
This is an important truth to keep us cognizant that God works both in general and specific revelation. His truth is revealed in creation, the human psyche, His written word, but most notably in the revelation of His beautiful Son. We must learn to balance reading the Bible as God intended while realizing that the Scriptures simply weren’t designed to answer every single question in our lives. To make it clear as to what I’m saying, we don’t look for instructions on changing light bulbs in Joshua, but we do look to that book as a record of God’s covenant faithfulness in His outworking of redemption. The Bible was intended to answer ontological questions on the nature and character of God, and that is how it should be read.
Kudos…
Any irony in that we are going to see Ken Ham speak this weekend?
@Perry: It got me thinking.
Hey Chris!
Very very thought provoking.
Christianity/the Bible does form a framework for our lives/thoughts/endeavors, so, I suppose the question you’re raising here is — what exactly does that framework mean? This almost appears like an interpretation issue. For example, when Genesis says Eve took an apple from the tree, is it talking about an actual apple from an actual tree? Or is this just symbolic of sin/rebellion in general? If you say the second, then you can symbolize everything in scripture and we all know where that goes.
If you say the first, it appears you’ve got what AIG’s got — a very specific account of the origins of the universe. Is that bad? It appears necessary. What’s so bad about taking the first few chapters of Genesis literally? I remember you stating that you take a literal interpration of the Scripture (although I know there are many naunces inside this concept).
Here’s the question I’m really wondering: What would you view as legitimate “scientific epistemology” outside of the Genesis narrative? Does the Genesis narrative have any literal meaning?
Last thought: You imply that their scienfitic methodology comes from the Bible but, in their words, they say that the Bible is a framework. A framework is something very general — it provides boundaries. A methodology is very specific. I’m not convinced it’s fair to make the claim that their scientific methodology comes from the Bible. I bet they would say it doesn’t, and that of couse they use accepted scientific methods. Shouldn’t we all use the Bible as our framework?
The Nouthetic Counselling thing? I agree with you. (Although my Mom really thought they didn’t take this approach — using solely the Bible — but their web site clearly says they do.)
Hope you have fun listening to Ken Ham this weekend!
(By the way, I have no strong feelings on the AIG thing. I just am not convinced that they’re as bad as you seem to think they are.)
I really appreciated your thoughts on what the Bible is intended for!
Sorry my post is so freaking long. :-)
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@Amanda: Well, first it never says “apple” in the Genesis narrative only “fruit.” My discussion isn’t so much as to how “literal” (if you will) we take the events in the Scripture but what the intent of the Bible is. I was trying to stress that the Bible is didatic writing meant to convey certain (but not all) truths (see the Frame quote).
I do think the account in the Genesis narrative is factual, but I don’t think the narrative was intended to be a scientific discourse as much as it was to highlight characteristics of God.
I think the Bible is a screen to which we should run all of our findings through (the idea of sola scriptura), but I don’t think we should attempt to answer every question through the Bible by reading something into it that’s not there.
A valid scientific epistemology is one that would ultimately not contradict the Scriptures in any way. If it were proven that science was true and it contradicted the Scriptures we are left with which one we dispose of. Fortunately, I don’t think there are any scientific discoveries which contradict the Scriptures (the fairy tale of evolution included).
I hope I answered everything. If not, just let me know.
Whoops, good point about the apple. Well, you know — I’m sure fruit is symbolic of apple. :-)
Everything else you said made a lot of sense!!
Not sure where the apple came from…
You did answer all my questions. Any further questions I would have would be for AIG. I’m not particularly worried about them but they are an interesting Christian phenomena. I plan to visit their museum if out of nothing more than curiosity.
I am curious to know what AIG might be reading into the Bible that’s not there… but I can always do my own research. Thanks for our answers!
“God and science are not mutually exclusive entities. If something scientifically does contradict then we should stand up and search for truth, but we need not dispel all scientific findings, reasoning, and use of these tools in order to understand our God and our world.”
And how is AiG dispelling all scientific findings, it’s trying to correct the findings that are fallacious and contradictory to the Word of God.
All they’re doing is “upholding the Bible from the very first verse.”
@Jeremy: I’m just trying to state the fact that the Bible is not meant to be read as a text book. Do you think something like old-earthy theory contradicts the Bible?
Science and Religion do compliment each other when one understands that science only deals with the physical aspect of mankind and religion with the coming about of spiritual truth.
The bible is a book written for believers, ones of faith, it is a written history of how GOD chose of someone to represent HIM and how the truth about the one and only true GOD was corrupted .
Aside from pointing out the order of things created physically, the bible has nothing to do with the physical man.
Science is correct in stating that man is older than 6000 years …
Religion would be correct in saying that the truth once made known to spiritual man is 6000 years old … but don’t hold your breath, they will never admit to this.